Photophysical characterization of mixed micelles of n-butanol/SDS and n-hexanol/SDS. A study at low alcohol concentrations

 The effect of the addition of n-butanol (BuOH) and n-hexanol (HexOH) on the micellization of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) has been investigated using fluorescence quenching methods. The binding constants were calculated using an expression which relates the total concentration of alcohols and the micelle concentration. The values of K were 4.67 and 17.6 M^-1 for BuOH/SDS and HexOH/SDS, similar to values obtained by other methods. The cmc of SDS decreases on addition of alcohols and goes through a minimum for the BuOH/SDS system. Micellar aggregation numbers (N) were determined from linear plots of Ln (I ⁰/I) against [Quencher] at low alcohol concentrations. For 15 mM SDS, in the presence of BuOH the N values decrease on addition of alcohol up to 0.2 M. For HexOH, N can be assumed to be constant up to 4.8 mM, after which N decreases. The polarity of the micellar core containing alcohol was evaluated from the I ₁/I ₃ ratio of monomeric pyrene. The effect of addition of the alcohol causes a decrease in the I ₁/I ₃, which corresponds to a decrease in the polarity of the pyrene solubilization site. Received: 28 October 1996 Accepted: 10 January 1997     

Blends of starch with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers: effect of water,glycerol, and amino acids as plasticizers

Blends of thermoplastic starch with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) copolymer (EVOH) were melt extruded with water/glycerol as plasticizer and a series of amino acid additives. The biggest factor in end‐use mechanical properties proved to be the relative humidity (RH) during storage. Plasticized starch‐EVOH blends stored at 0 and 50% RH changed significantly over time, with, for example, the tensile strength (TS) of the glycerol‐plasticized blend increasing from 4.7 to 26.3 MPa over 8 weeks when maintained at 0% RH. In contrast, the TS of this same sample stored at 75% RH remained unchanged for 8 weeks. Amino acids provided relatively minor, but significant changes in mechanical properties with time. Based on TS, elongation‐to‐break, and modulus, it may be concluded that β‐alanine, sarcosine, and L ‐proline were more effective than glycerol at maintaining strong flexible blends. Increases in crystallinity and changes in morphology with time, as described by modulated DSC were correlated to these changes in mechanical properties. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Manufacturing of pH sensitive PVA/PVP/MWCNT and PVA/PEG/MWCNT nanocomposites: an approach for significant drug release

The purpose of this paper is studying the effect of incorporation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) into two different nanocomposites in poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and PVA/Polyethylene glycol (PEG). MWCNT were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using acetylene and Fe/Co/Al₂O₃ as carbon precursor and catalyst, respectively. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid were used for purification and functionalization of MWCNT. Afterward, highly pure and functionalized MWCNT (0, 0.02, and 0.05% w/w) were incorporated in PVA/PVP and PVA/PEG to synthesize PVA/PVP/MWCNT and PVA/PEG/MWCNT nanocomposites hydrogel membranes that cross-linked by freezing–thawing. PEG and PVP were selected in these nanocomposites as dispersion matrix for MWCNT as well as for increasing the elasticity of the nanocomposites membranes. The morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogel membranes were investigated. The swelling behavior in different pH-buffer solutions was studied as well as studying weight loss percentage and swelling kinetic. The drug releasing process of the hydrogel membranes was investigated using salicylic acid as a model drug. It was found that MWCNT are dispersed well into the polymers and crystallinity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the hydrogels contain MWCNT are better than that without MWCNT. Maximum degree of swelling was observed at pH 7 and swelling degree increases with increasing the ratio of MWCNT in the hydrogels from 0.02 to 0.05%. All hydrogel membranes followed non-Fickian mechanism and drug releasing were controlled by varying the pH and amount of MWCNT.     

Rh—Mo—K／Al2O3催化剂的CO加氢合成低碳醇性能

本文研究了硫化态和还原态Ｒｈ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ加氢合成低碳醇的反应性能，考察了不同铑负载量、钾助剂、合成气组成和反应条件（温度、压力和空速）对合成醇性能的影响及催化剂的反应稳定性。发现硫化样品较之还原态样品具有更好的合成醇选择性，催化剂中添加铑后，生成醇活性和选择性大幅度提高。选择合适的反应温度、提高反应压力和空速、适当增加合成气Ｈ２／ＣＯ的比例可以获得较好的合成醇反应性能。     

直链醇链长对层状液晶结构与稳定性的影响

作为助表面活性剂,直链醇在层状溶致液晶的制备中是非常重要的。本文以层状液晶的相行为和小角度X射线衍射测量,研究了直链醇链长对层状液晶结构与稳定的影响。     

Lewis acid mediated SN2-type nucleophilic ring opening followed by [4+2] cycloaddition of N-tosylazetidines with aldehydes and ketones: synthesis of chiral 1,3-oxazinanes and 1,3-amino alcohols

A highly efficient strategy for Cu(OTf)₂ mediated S_N2-type nucleophilic ring opening followed by [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of enantiopure 2-phenyl-N-tosylazetidines with various aldehydes and ketones afforded a variety of substituted 1,3-oxazinanes and 1,3-amino alcohols in excellent yields, excellent de and good to excellent ee. The proposed S_N2-type mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction is supported by experimental evidence.     

Radiation formation of polymeric nanogels

An alternative method of synthesis of polymeric nanogels is proposed, based not on polymerization, but on intramolecular crosslinking of polymer chains, initiated by pulse irradiation in dilute aqueous solutions. Kinetic data show that for many water-soluble polymers irradiation under these conditions result in intramolecular crosslinking. Preliminary product studies on poly(vinyl alcohol) indicate that in fact internally crosslinked macromolecules can be obtained by this technique.     

前驱体分子结构对聚糠醇基碳膜微结构及气体分离性能的影响

分别以草酸(OA)和碘(I)两种催化剂合成聚糠醇(PFA)前驱体制备气体分离碳膜. 采用TG, FTIR和XRD对其微结构进行研究, 并通过纯组分气体的渗透实验对碳膜的分离性能进行了探讨. 研究结果表明, 在热解过程中, 两种结构的聚糠醇都是通过脱氧、重排、环化、芳构化等热分解和热缩聚反应逐渐转化为无定形的乱层碳结构, 但热分解反应过程明显不同, 所形成碳膜微结构的差异也很大. 草酸催化剂制备的聚糠醇碳膜的微晶Lc值比碘催化剂制备碳膜的大, 而d(002)和La值则比后者的小, 表明草酸催化剂制备的聚糠醇碳膜碳微晶片层数多、排列规则、结构缺陷和孔隙均小于碘催化剂制备的聚糠醇碳膜, 而且其气体分离选择性较高、渗透通量较小, 表明聚糠醇的分子结构对所制备碳膜的微结构及气体分离性能有很大影响.     

Ligand creation via linking—a rapid and convenient method for construction of novel supported PyOX-ligands

A novel supported amino alcohol linker was synthesized and utilized for attachment of picolinic acid derivatives onto different supports. When the resin bound molecule was further activated, the PyOX-moiety could be constructed reliably in enantiopure form. Furthermore, an efficient Pd-catalyzed modification of a picolinic acid derivative is presented.     

Photogeneration of Silver Particles in PVA Fibers and Films

Fibers and films prepared from blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) were found to be suitable matrices for the solid-state photoreduction of silver ions in the presence of air. Fast generation of nanometer-sized silver crystallites was observed when fibers of polymer blends crosslinked with dimethyl sulfoxide were irradiated with 350nm light. Optical determinations of the formation kinetics were carried out using thin films of noncrosslinked as well as lightly and heavily crosslinked polymer blends. Small Ag clusters were detected initially, which were stable in the dark but transformed into larger metal particles upon further illumination. Both formation processes occurred only under high light intensity illumination and the kinetic data were inconsistent with monophotonic mechanisms.